diff --git a/web/e2e/utils/process.js b/web/e2e/utils/process.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..93e0c26
--- /dev/null
+++ b/web/e2e/utils/process.js
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+import { spawn } from 'node:child_process';
+
+export function startProcess(command, args, options = {}) {
+  const child = spawn(command, args, {
+    cwd: options.cwd,
+    env: { ...process.env, ...(options.env || {}) },
+    shell: process.platform === 'win32',
+    stdio: ['ignore', 'pipe', 'pipe'],
+  });
+
+  const output = [];
+  child.stdout.on('data', (chunk) => output.push(chunk.toString()));
+  child.stderr.on('data', (chunk) => output.push(chunk.toString()));
+
+  child.once('exit', (code) => {
+    if (code !== null && code !== 0) {
+      output.push(`\nprocess exited with code ${code}\n`);
+    }
+  });
+
+  return { child, output };
+}
+
+export async function stopProcess(child) {
+  if (!child || child.killed) return;
+  await new Promise((resolve) => {
+    child.once('exit', resolve);
+    child.kill(process.platform === 'win32' ? undefined : 'SIGTERM');
+    setTimeout(() => {
+      if (!child.killed) child.kill('SIGKILL');
+      resolve();
+    }, 5000).unref();
+  });
+}
diff --git a/web/e2e/utils/wait.js b/web/e2e/utils/wait.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dae9661
--- /dev/null
+++ b/web/e2e/utils/wait.js
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+export async function waitForHttp(url, options = {}) {
+  const timeoutMs = options.timeoutMs || 60000;
+  const intervalMs = options.intervalMs || 500;
+  const start = Date.now();
+  let lastError;
+
+  while (Date.now() - start < timeoutMs) {
+    try {
+      const response = await fetch(url, { cache: 'no-store' });
+      if (response.ok) return response;
+      lastError = new Error(`HTTP ${response.status}`);
+    } catch (error) {
+      lastError = error;
+    }
+    await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, intervalMs));
+  }
+
+  throw new Error(`Timed out waiting for ${url}: ${lastError?.message || 'no response'}`);
+}